Explain the steps for the construction of an objective-type achievement test.
(1) Planning, (2) Preparing, (3) Trying-out and (4) Evaluation.
First Step
Planning: This step includes the following activities:
(1) Fixing up the objectives.:
(2) Writing objectives in behavioural terms.
(3) Task analysis and content analysis.
(4) Determining the type, forms of items.
(5) Preparation of table of specification.
(6) Taking a decision about mechanical aspects, duration number of items, size of letters and printing etc.
(7) Evaluating the instructions.
Second Step:
Printing Test Items:
In the second step, items are written. The table of specification provides a guideline for this purpose. Generally two types of items are prepared for constructing an objective type test-Recognition and Recall type items.
(a) Recognition Type Items:
The form of items is such that the student has to select the best or correct answers. These may be of following forms:
(1) True/False or Write/Wrong type or Alternative response,
(2) Multiple choice type,
(3) Matching type',
(4) Classification type, and
(5) Analogy type.
(b) Recall Type Items:
The recall type items require that student has to supply the correct answer for a question. They are also knwou as short answer type questions. The recall type items are classified into two categories:
(1) Simple Recall type, and (2) Completion type.
These items may be understood by studying- their following aspects
(i) Meaning and definition of the type of items,
(ii) Example of form,
(iii) Formula of guessing,
(iv) Advantages and limitations and
(v) Precuations.
Third Step:
Trying Out of Test:
After writing the items, an initial draft of the test is prepared. The items are imporved and modifed on the basis of individual and group tryout. The following activities are performed in this step:
(1) Pre-trybut is done on small group of students to improve the language ambiguity and difficulty of the items.
(2) Proper tryout is done for item-analysis.
(a) Difficult values and discriminative powers are calculated for each item of the test.
(b) Items are selected, rejected and modified on the basis of tryout,
(c) Final form of a test is prepared. The items are arranged in difficulty order. The most easy item is placed at first and most difficult at the least.
Fourth Step:
Evaluation
The final form of the test is evaluated in terms of various kinds of error measurement. The final form of a test is administered on a large group of target population. The students scores on the test are used for the following purposes:
(1) Estimating reliabilty coefficient.:
(2) Calculating the validity coefficient.
(3) Developing; norms of the test, and
(4) Preparation' of test manual.
The objective type tests are reliable and valid. Therefore, They are used in constructing the criterion test for measuring the learning objectives.
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